Kuznetsov A. A., Christinina E. V., Kozlovsky P. V.
Citation: Kuznetsov A. A., Christinina E. V., Kozlovsky P. V. Corruption Stereotypes in Higher Education. Psychopedagogy in Law Enforcement. Vol. 24, No 4(79). 2019. Pp. 441–448 (In Russ.). DOI: 10. 24411/1999-6241-2019-14013
Для цитирования: Кузнецов А. А., Христинина Е. В., Козловский П. В. Коррупционные стереотипы в сфере высшего образования // Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах. 2019. Т. 24, № 4(79). С. 441–448. DOI: 10. 24411/1999-6241-2019-14013
Full text: Kuznetsov A. A., Christinina E. V., Kozlovsky P. V. Corruption Stereotypes in Higher Education
Abstract
Introduction. Corruption is a negative phenomenon which affects the whole system of higher education and is determined by such factors as teacher’s insufficient salary, students’ lack of interest in obtaining knowledge, etc. The aim of the research is to reveal the main corruption stereotypes in teacher’s mind causing crime commission, and suggest the measures to overcome them. Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed the legislation of the Russian Federation, scientific and methodical publications, studied analytical reviews, methodical guidelines, reference books concerning the subject-matter under consideration. To obtain empirical data a special questionnaire was designed and applied. That questionnaire enabled the authors to examine 365 archive criminal cases pertaining to bribery in higher education which were investigated in the Omsk, Tyumen and Novosibirsk regions from 2008 to 2019. 127 practical workers were interviewed who investigated and considered the criminal cases of the mentioned category. Results and Discussion. A thorough analysis of corruption stereotypes related to higher education in teacher’s mind is carried out and the general measures to overcome them are suggested. The paper contains the authors’ scientific concept of “corruption stereotypes”, reveals their types and describes their detailed characteristics. The focus is made on the usage of such measures of counteracting corruption in higher education as improved anti-corruption education in educational organizations and elimination of legal uncertainty in the current legislation. Conclusions. There are corruption stereotypes in teacher’ thinking which cause crime commission: the received illegal reward is not a bribe, it is a present; the teacher is not the subject of bribe-taking. Uncertainty found in the norms of criminal legislation can lead to abuse by supervising subjects (unreasonable bringing to criminal justice) and by the supervised persons (skillful evasion of legal responsibility). It is important to note that the legislator has failed to create the distinct legal basis for counteracting corruption in higher education.
Keywords: corruption stereotypes, bribery in higher education, corruption, lecturer; subject of the offence, the gift, the illegal payment, a bribe.
Main Provisions
- Fighting corruption in higher education is a relevant problem in the state requiring the development of effective mechanisms of counteraction.
- Revealing corruption stereotypes of the teacher’s thinking will make it possible to study corruption in higher education from the psychological aspect and establish the causes of crime commission, explain the criminal motivation, the eradication of these causes being prevention of this negative phenomenon.
References
1. Ampleeva T. Yu. Struggle against judicial arbitrariness of officials in Moscow Russia (16th – 17th centuries). State and Law. No 10. 2006. Pp. 73–81. (In Russ.)
2. Polyakov M. M. History of Counteracting Corruption by the Prosecution bodies in the public administration of pre-revolutionary Russia in the 18th – early 20th century. Actual problems of Russian law. No 6. 2018. Pp. 11–19. (In Russ.)
3. Volchanskaya A. N., Khudyakov A. V. Legal nature of corruption and historical aspects of the formation of anti-corruption legislation in pre-revolutionary Russia. History of State and Law. No 3. 2018. Pp. 23–28. (In Russ.)
4. Alpidovskaya M. L. Economic foundations of the shadow economy and corruption bureaucracy. Management in Russia and abroad. No 1. 2008. Pp. 136–140. (In Russ.)
5. Osipenko O. V. Corporate corruption. Distribution relations: «Golden parachutes». Joint-Stock company. No 9. 2018. Pp. 54–63. (In Russ.)
6. Komov S. A. On the impact of corruption on the economy. Problems of Economics and Legal Practice. No 2. 2017. Pp. 191–194. (In Russ.)
7. Saninsky R. A. Corruption as an integral part of the shadow economy. Legal Science and Practice. No 1. 2017. Pp. 84–86. (In Russ.)
8. Akhmetshin N. Kh. Political and legal aspects of the fight against corruption in China. State and Law. No 8. 2008. Pp. 56–63. (In Russ.)
9. Bush M. Yu. Political aspect of corruption relations in modern Russia: candidate of political sciences dissertation. Rostov-on-Don, 2006. 142 p. (In Russ.)
10. Khanin D. I. the Phenomenon of political corruption in Russia. State Power and Local Self-Government. No 9. 2011. Pp. 38–41. (In Russ.)
11. Shishko P. M. Formation of principles of anti-corruption policy in the process of administrative reform. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Series 6. Political science. International relations. No 2. 2015. Pp. 69–76. (In Russ.)
12. Akhmetova N. A. Social mechanism of corruption reproduction in the conditions of modern Russian society. Candidate of sciences dissertation (in Sociology). Volgograd, 2006. 164 p. (In Russ.)
13. Gumerov T. A. Fight against corruption crime: figures and reality. Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. No 4. 2015. Pp. 187–190. (In Russ.)
14. Dzogieva Z. B. Corruption as a social and economic phenomenon: sociological analysis. Candidate of sciences dissertation (in Sociology). Vladikavkaz, 2006. 192 p. (In Russ.)
15. Zamaletdinova L. R. Fight against corruption in higher education: student’s perception. Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. No 3. 2015. Pp. 203–206. (In Russ.)
16. Alexandrov A. I. Fight against Corruption: Topical Issues of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure and Crime Detection. Russian Justice. No 4. 2018. Pp. 49–52. (In Russ.)
17. Garmaev Yu. P., Borovskikh R. N. On the principles of investigation of corruption crimes. Law and Legislation. No 2. 2018. Pp. 135–140. (In Russ.)
18. Stepanenko R. F. Social and legal responsibility in combating corruption: problems of the General theory of law. Law and State. No 1. 2018. Pp. 23–30. (In Russ.)
19. Dzhumabekov Z. A. Foreign experience of combating corruption in the system of state service: scientific article. National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic. 2015. Pp. 117–119. (accessed: 25.02.2019)
20. Corruption Perceptions Index 2016: Results [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/corruption_ perceptions_index_2016/ (accessed: 25.02.2009)
21. Christinina E. V. Peculiarities of investigation of bribery in higher education: Candidate of sciences dissertation (in Law). Tyumen, 2017. 245 p. (In Russ.)
22. Nemov R. S. Psychology of education. Edition 4. Moscow, 2018. 640 p. (In Russ.)
23. Yani P. S. Questions of qualification of crimes. Legality. No 3. 2018. Pp. 44–48. (In Russ.)
24. Radchenko V. I. Comment on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2008. 1040 p. (In Russ.)
25. Mozyakov V. V. Comment on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2004. 864 p. (In Russ.)
26. Volzhenkin B. V. Occupational crimes: review of legislation and judicial practice. St. Petersburg, 2005. 560 p. (In Russ.)
27. Galakhova A. V. Official crimes: Crimes against state power, interests of state service and service in local self-government. Moscow, 1998. 65 p. (In Russ.)
28. Koryakovtsev V. V., Pitulko K. V. Comment on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2004. 816 p. (In Russ.)
29. Naumov A. V. Comment on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 1996. 824 p. (In Russ.)
30. Alimpiev S. A. Bribery as a form of corruption. Yekaterinburg, 2011. 108 p. (In Russ.)
31. Borkov V. N. Qualification of malfeasance. Moscow, 2018. 288 p. (In Russ.)
32. Shirokov V. A. Contradiction of laws — a serious problem in the fight against bribery. Investigator. No 7(111). 2007. Pp. 51–53. (In Russ.)
33. Zdravomyslov B. F. Criminal law of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2001. 480 p. (In Russ.)
34. Nozdrachev A. F. State office: a textbook for the training of state employees. Moscow, 1999. 592 p. (In Russ.)
35. Rarog A. I. Criminal Law of the Russian Federation: Special part. Moscow, 2014. 640 p. (In Russ.)
36. Trukhin M. A. Some problems of detection, disclosure and investigation of bribery and commercial bribery in education. Russian investigator. No. 9. 2007. Pp. 4–7. (In Russ.)
37. Kondrashova T. V. Criminal liability for bribery. Yekaterinburg, 2003. 72 p. (In Russ.) 3
8. The course of Russian criminal law. In 2 vol. vol 2: the Special part. Ed. by Ignatov A. N., Krasikov Yu. A. Moscow, 2008. 816 p. (In Russ.)
39. Lebedev V. M. Comment on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2012. 931 p. (In Russ.)
40. Perelygin E. V. А Teacher — an official and the subject of bribery. Law and Legislation. No 10. 2009. Pp. 17–19. (In Russ.)
Submitted 12.02.2019